Avifauna endêmica e ameaçada capturada na Fazenda Bananeiras, ESEC de Murici, AL

Abstract

Brazil occupies a considerable part of the Neotropical region. The avifauna of this region presents numbers of endemic species that evolved in it. Close to 44% ofthe species are endemic, involving about 60 endemic genera (SICK 1997). The Atlantic Forest of the Northeast covers a total area of 2.21% of its territory. North of the São Francisco River are two centers of endemism, the Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEP) and the Northeastern Brejos. The Murici region in Alagoas is home to one of the places with the largest number of endangered bird species in the Americas (WEGE & LONG 1995). It is of great importance to know the richness and diversity of the species of endemic and threatened birds captured in one of the largest fragments of Murici, contributing with useful information for conservation measures of these birds. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to know the community structure of understory birds captured in Mata da Fazenda Bananeiras, ESEC de Murici, AL. For this, it is necessary to know the avifauna present, verify the trophic guild, frequency of occurrence during the years, richness and diversity of threatened and/or endemic species. For this, the database of LABECAN (Laboratory of Bioecology and Conservation of Neotropical Birds) was analyzed. Thus, data collected between October 2010 and September 2018 were used. The birds were captured along lines of nets (10 to 12 mist nets), distributed in several locations within an area of 100 ha (quadrants) during two days of capture totaling 20 h of sampling per expedition. The expeditions' points were randomly chosen by the established quadrants and georeferenced with GPS. The captured species were grouped in trophic guilds based on Sick(1997), Almeida(2001) and Telino-Júnior et al. (2005). The alpha diversity analysis of each year was performed using the Shannon-Wiener(H') index in the Statistical program R package Vegan. In addition, the species were classified in descending order of the number of individuals captured. In the 61 expeditions, a sampling effort of 12,200 hours was obtained, with 997 captures distributed in 21 families and 56 taxa. Of this total, 52.76% of those captured were endemic and threatened species, distributed in 8 families with a richness of 14 taxa. The trophic structure of bird communities showed a predominance of insectivorous species (78.57%), followed by nectarivores (14 .28%) and frugivorous (7.14%).