Uso de prebióticos, probióticos e transplante fecal na modulação da microbiota intestinal na obesidade

Abstract

Obesity is a public health problem and Brazil has shown an increasing prevalence of this pathology. Data show an increase in prevalence from 11.8% in 2006 to 20.3% in 2019. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for a number of chronic conditions, such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease, which in turn, they are mainly responsible for health, disability and death expenses. Because it is a multifactorial disease, it can be influenced by an inadequate lifestyle, metabolic and / or hormonal disorders, suffering the influence of microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract of individuals. Based on the evidence that links the microbiota with its genesis, its treatment based on intestinal modulation becomes the target of studies as a viable strategy through the use of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal transplantation. This work aims to describe, through a narrative review of the literature, the use of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal transplantation in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota of obese and/or overweight individuals. Studies show the contribution of prebiotics in reducing body weight, but this mechanism is still not entirely clear. Probiotics can regulate appetite and increase satiety, thus resulting in weight loss, but these results may differ for each strain and quantity administered, in addition to the time of use. TFM, on the other hand, despite showing a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is a relevant benefit for the treatment of obese people, has few benefits in the loss of body weight. Thus, there is still no consensus in the literature on the best method of IM modulation for the treatment of obesity, and further studies are needed to define which one has the best efficacy, as well as the exact mechanism by which they act.