Análise do comportamento alimentar de estudantes universitários da área da saúde: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The eating behavior of university students in the health field is influenced by several factors, such as intense academic routines, financial constraints, and lack of meal planning. These challenges often result in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the adoption of inappropriate eating habits. Despite theoretical knowledge about healthy eating, many students face difficulties in maintaining balanced eating habits. Thus, this study aims to analyze the eating behavior of these students, identifying factors associated with these behaviors and their implications for the health and well-being of this population. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, searching databases such as MEDLINE and LILACS, using the descriptors "eating behavior", "nutrition", and "university students". Studies published between 2019 and 2024, with full text available in Portuguese and/or English, were included. The initial search resulted in n=578 studies, of which 11 were selected to compose the final sample of the review after evaluation of the titles, abstracts, and full reading. The findings indicated that academic stress, lack of time, and socioeconomic limitations are associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods, weight gain, and BMI. In addition, dietary patterns based on natural and minimally processed foods, similar to the Mediterranean diet, were related to reduced stress and greater academic disposition, while ultra-processed foods were linked to anxiety and worse quality of life. Given the findings, it is essential to implement strategies that promote healthy eating habits among university students in the health field, considering the challenges imposed by academic life, in order to contribute to improvements in the nutritional status, mental health, and quality of life of this population.