Estrutura e financiamento da educação básica no Brasil: o papel dos diferentes atores na viabilização das políticas educacionais

Abstract

This research is a qualitative, exploratory study that aims to analyze the equitable distribution of public resources and its associated limitations, such as the lack of coordination between federative entities. Its general objective is to understand the relationship between financing and educational management in basic education in Brazil, with an emphasis on the role of the different actors involved in enabling educational policies. The study adopts as its theoretical framework authors who address the dynamics established by the federative pact, along with the limitations imposed on states and municipalities in the implementation of educational policies, such as Arretche (2001; 2004), Cruz (2009; 2012; 2017), Farenzena (2011), Dourado (2013), and Silva (2025). These authors reveal the structural weaknesses of the basic education financing system in Brazil. The research was based on the following central question: how do the different actors involved in the financing and management of basic education in Brazil act in the formulation and implementation of educational policies and programs to guarantee equity in access to education? The results indicate that even though coordination between the federative entities is essential for educational equity, it does not effectively occur. Therefore, understanding the role of the actors involved is essential to identify limitations and challenges faced by education professionals, as well as to deepen reflection on the management of public resources, which belong not only to the Union, the states, and the municipalities, but to society as a whole.