Pescadores e pescadoras artesanais, regulamentação pesqueira e a efetividade limitada das normas de proteção à essa comunidade tradicional: estudo de caso da APA Costa dos Corais

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze the effectiveness of international and national standards and their reflection in the Management Plan of the Costa dos Corais Environmental Preservation Area (APACC) in relation to the protection of fishermen and artisanal fishermen. Internationally, it addresses code devices and declarations adopted in resolution, advice and conferences linked to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). At national level, the study focuses on the objectives of the National Sustainable Development Policy for Aquaculture and Fisheries instituted by Law nº 11.959/2009 and the SAP/MAPA Ordinances nº 265/2021 and nº 270/2021. At the local level, examine the APACC Management Plans, which was chosen as the largest federal coastal marine conservation unit in Brazil, occupied by more than 40 fishing communities with different relations with the territory and natural resources, essential to their way of life, know and do, which are considered traditional communities, according to Decree nº 6.040/2007. For the analysis, a bibliographic survey related to the object of study was conducted in books, scientific works, magazines, magazines, dissertations and legislation correlata, as well as a descriptive inquiry in view of concrete cases, once the descriptive method has been used, where the scientist observes something that happens or has already happened and performs the record and description of its characteristics, and the deductive method, which is part of a larger premise and establishes relations with a second proposition, to verify whether this would be proven in the specific case. In this way, it was concluded that both the first Management Plan of APACC (2013) as regards the 2021 plan for fishing communities and small-scale fishing, reflect the limited effectiveness of international and national standards regulating the activity, concerning the absence of standards regulating traditional fishing territories and foreseeing the need for research and monitoring for the management of national fisheries, as these are essential issues for the protection of the rights of fishermen and artisanal fishermen.