Dinâmica de alterações na paisagem da planície costeira de Maragogi - AL

Abstract

Maragogi-AL has experienced a series of changes in the dynamics of the landscape, as a result of advances in urbanization influenced by the growing interest in the tourist potential of the municipality. This interest intensified from the 1970s onwards, resulting in the degradation of natural resources. Maragogi is located in the extreme north of the state of Alagoas, on the border with Pernambuco, has a coastline of approximately 32 km and a population of 33,351 inhabitants (IBGE, 2010). In this context, the present work uses remote sensing and geoprocessing technologies to identify the areas that have undergone changes in the city's landscape, considering the following years for analysis: 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. For the present study, downloads of satellite images from the Google Earth Engine project platform for the aforementioned years, which enabled a multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover classes. Then, the images for the area were cut, allowing the elaboration of multitemporal maps of land use and cover. Through the complement of the QGIS software, the Semi-Automatic Plugin (or SCP), the post-processing of the cropped images was carried out in order to evaluate the temporal changes between the classes, as well as in the construction of transition matrices. To this end, field work was carried out, which allowed identifying nine areas that presented the greatest changes in the dynamics of the landscape. Analyzing the period from 1990 to 2020, it should be noted that between 1990 and 2000, 4 areas of greater variation were identified, considered the period with the highest number of altered areas and an increase in the classes forest, mangrove, beach, urban area, other non-vegetated areas and Apicum. During field work, the following co-generating factors were observed: suppression of natural vegetation, soil sealing, occupation of wetlands in the coastal plain, lack of sanitation, among other factors. Thus, this work can be used for municipal management and institutions responsible for managing natural resources for decision-making in controlling the environmental degradation to which the region has been exposed, proposing interventions through effective public policies.