“Tempo de tela”, educação midiática e educação física escolar : possibilidades didático-pedagógicas com as práticas corporais de aventura na natureza

Abstract

The present study aimed to understand how Adventure Physical Practices in Nature and Media Education in physical education can contribute to the relationship between 'screen time' and fifth-grade students in a public state school in Maceió/AL. This is a research with a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, using action-research methodology. The participants of the research were 97 5th grade elementary school students, of both sexes, with an average age of 11.13±0.9 years, from the Dr. José Maria de Melo State School, located in the Benedito Bentes neighborhood in Maceió/AL. For the treatment of "screen time" in Physical Education classes, a didactic-pedagogical proposal was applied, supported by the theoretical and interventionist dimensions of media education and body practices in nature, which took place over 8 sessions. The investigative techniques used for data collection were participant observation, with records in a field diary; semi-structured interviews; a diagnostic assessment applied at the beginning of the didactic sequence; and a feedback questionnaire answered at the end. For the data analysis, content analysis was conducted using categorization as a methodological procedure, organizing and classifying the data according to common characteristics in their elements, grouping them into categories raised a posteriori; the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program was used for the analysis of numerical data, and the online tool TagCrowd, which allows for the construction of word clouds emphasizing the most frequent words. Most students (74.4%) own a cell phone and exceed the recommended time by health authorities for screen use (40% use screens for up to 10 hours a day); the most common digital devices in their homes are televisions (90.8%) and cell phones (97.7%), and among the most accessed content are electronic games, social networks, and streaming platforms. The monitoring and oversight of the use of digital screens has proven to be inconsistent on the part of parents or guardians. The school has adopted measures to prohibit the non-pedagogical use of electronic devices, in accordance with Law No. 15,100, and just over half of the participants agreed with the ban on cell phones in school. The didactic-pedagogical proposal using the dimensions of Media Education in adventure activities in nature allowed for associations and critical reflections on the use of digital screens and can be considered a strategy to transversalize this contemporary phenomenon in the lives of students.