Concepção, construção e avaliação de uma router CNC modular utilizando tecnologias de código aberto para aplicações educacionais e de prototipagem

Abstract

This work presents the development of a high-performance CNC router machine, focusing on accessibility, modularity, and compatibility with open-source technologies. The project was designed based on a three-axis Cartesian architecture, using AVR family microcontrollers and the GRBL firmware for real-time control. The work details the stages of three-dimensional modeling, material selection, electronic system design, and integration with the Universal Gcode Sender (UGS) software. The physical construction of the machine validated the 3D model, demonstrating good dimensional accuracy and structural stability. Experimental tests showed satisfactory results in terms of feed rate, acceleration, and cutting quality across different materials, including MDF, acrylic, and aluminum. The system also incorporated auto-leveling features and limit switches, increasing operational safety and reliability. The results indicate that the developed solution is technically feasible and represents a competitive alternative for small and medium-scale industrial and educational applications.