Pertinência da taxa de permeabilidade do solo exigida pelo Código de Urbanismo e Edificações de Maceió : análise das soluções técnicas propostas para os edifícios verticais

Abstract

The Maceió Building Code defines urban parameters for the soil permeability rate on lots with an area greater than 1,200 m², ranging from 5% to 15%. For tall vertical buildings with basement parking, generally occupying 100% of the lot area, the legislation allows the presentation of technical solutions to meet these parameters. The objective of this study was to analyze the technical solutions, considering different neighborhoods and soil types in the city. The research included soil characterization, minimum permeability rates, water retention curve, drainage network and hydraulic recharge network (infiltration/percolation), analyzing 7 projects in 6 neighborhoods. For soil characterization, a technical report from a local foundation company was used. The results indicated that, although seven projects were approved by the City of Maceió, only two (Building C and the Health Corporation) adequately met the established requirements, implementing efficient systems for segregating rainwater from wastewater, in addition to adequate solutions for hydraulic recharge. These projects demonstrate good water management practices and compliance with drainage standards. In contrast, the projects for Buildings A, B, D, E and the Hotel Unit presented significant flaws, mainly with regard to inadequate interconnection between rainwater and wastewater and the direction of rainwater to the sewage system. The installation of overflows and the lack of separation between the systems compromised the efficiency of the drainage projects, potentially overloading the public infrastructure and harming the city's water sustainability. The implementation of temporary solutions, such as directing rainwater to inadequate systems, increased the risk of flooding and affected the environmental balance of the area. It is concluded that the drainage projects analyzed did not resolve the issue of soil permeability and that the urban parameter related to the soil permeability rate proved to be inadequate, especially in clayey soils and in areas with shallow water tables.