Resolução de problemas: caminhos para se trabalhar com a resolução de problemas matemáticos em sala de aula

Abstract

Bearing in mind the search for professional improvement in relation to active learning methodologies, especially problem-based learning, and the desire to discover methodologies that work on solving mathematical problems, in order to bring to the classroom teaching forms that awaken in the student the desire for Mathematics, the present work deals with problem solving methods, in order to analyze the problem solving methods “about”, “for” and “through” the resolution of mathematical problems. Therefore, it was necessary to make a brief history about the emergence of problem solving as a methodology; differentiate exercise, contextualized question and mathematical problems; characterize the resolution of mathematical problems in official documents; and, describe and analyze the types of problem solving methodologies (about, for and through problem solving), in an article and two master's dissertations. A bibliographical research was then carried out. In view of this, it was found that problem solving methods, teaching about problem solving, teaching Mathematics to solve problems and teaching Mathematics through problem solving, develop in the student the ability to create strategies in order to solve mathematical problems, lead to student to build new knowledge from problems and develop skills in the student so that he can apply the Mathematics studied. Through this research, it was possible to envision an effective contribution to the training of education professionals who yearn for a more attractive, more challenging, meaningful Mathematics class that awakens in the student the desire to study Mathematics.