Byrsonima triopterifolia A. Juss: ocorrência, fenologia e relação com fauna na caatinga alagoana

Abstract

The Caatinga has several exploration potentials, and it is important to know the interaction dynamics of the organisms that influence its development. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the factors that influence the development of the species Byrsonima triopterifolia A. Juss and the richness of associated invertebrate organisms, in a fragment of Caatinga with occurrence of this species, in Olho D’Água do Casado, Alagoas. The research was carried out in Olho D’Água do Casado, Alagoas, where the phenological behavior of the plants was monitored monthly: floral bud, anthesis flowers, fruits, leaf senescence, budding and abortion. Bimonthly, the development of the vegetative structure (height and diameter) of the matrices was monitored and collections of rainfall were performed. The physical characterization of the fruits and seeds was carried out, where they were measured: weight of fruits (g), weight of seeds (g), longitudinal and transversal diameter of fruits and seeds (cm), pulp yield (%), yield of seed (%). The survey of aerial and edaphic macro fauna was performed using Provid traps installed in the field for 96 hours containing 200 mL of 5% detergent solution and 12 drops of Formaldehyde P.A., considering organisms ≥ 2 mm in length. Soil mesofauna was quantified by soil samples 5 cm deep, using metal rings (diameter = 4.8 cm and height = 5 cm) and installed in the battery of Berlese-Tullgren extractors for 96 hours. The macro and mesofauna organisms were quantified at the order level of the large taxonomic groups and diversity and uniformity were assessed using the Shannon (H) and Pielou (e) indices. The results indicate that when there is greater availability of water in the soil, the murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Rich) presents greater development of its phenophases; It has a good development in relation to circumference and height when in environments with cultural treatment (pruning, thinning, water supply) and fruit production is also favored by the management practices adopted; The fruits are well developed, showing a significant pulp and peel yield, followed by the seed yield, favored by the cultural treatment used; In aerial macrofauna, the Hymenoptera group is the most dominant in the area, evidenced by the low values in the Shannon Diversity Index (H) and Pielou Uniformity (e); The dominant groups recorded in the edaphic macrofauna are Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, as highlighted by the Shannon diversity and Pielou uniformity indexes and pollinators of the species B. triopterifolia are possible; Of the taxonomic groups of the edaphic mesofauna Acarina is the most dominant in the area, confirmed by the reduced values obtained by the Shannon (H) and Pielou (e) indices, showing less diversity and equability; The species B. triopterifolia, has potential for exploration in the studied region because it responds well to small rain events.