O uso das técnicas de ensino e do método expositivo por professores de Geografia nas escolas públicas do município de Água Branca – AL durante a pandemia

Abstract

The use of teaching methods and techniques is fundamental in the educational field and are presented as tools to support teachers in the classroom. The Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the emergence and spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, has abruptly changed the routine of the world's population. As well as the various socioeconomic sectors of society, the school's operation was also affected, and with this, the remote teaching modality was implemented in Brazilian schools. In this perspective, this educational modality, while enabling the continuity of teaching, brought a series of difficulties regarding didactic and pedagogical interventions at a distance. In this sense, the main objective of this research is to analyze how the teaching techniques (seminar, debate, concentric circles, case study) and the expositive method were applied by Geography teachers in public schools in the municipality of Água Branca-AL during the pandemic, specifically, in the second semester of 2020 and the first semester of 2021. To elaborate the research, at first we carried out a bibliographical survey with readings on notions of teaching, Didactics, teaching-learning procedures, teaching of Geography and teaching methods and techniques. We then collected data in the field by applying two questionnaires with open and closed questions to the Geography teachers, in order to identify which teaching techniques were used and how these techniques and the expositive method were applied. Thus, we characterized this research as a case study with a descriptive methodological approach. With the quali-quantitative data obtained, we noticed that the expositive method, and the seminar, debate, and concentric circles techniques were the most used in this period and were applied by sending printed activities, online classes via WhatsApp and Google Meet. We also found that the lack of access to technological devices and the internet on the part of the students hindered the dissemination of geographic knowledge during teaching in the pandemic.