Petrolina -PE frente aos objetivos 6 e 7 do desenvolvimento sustentável: um estudo sobre água e energia na escala urbana e do edifício

Abstract

Petrolina-PE in the face of Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 7: a study on water and energy in the urban and building scale The current environmental and economical crisis, the abusive use of natural resources, the climatic particularities of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the São Francisco’s Sub-medium, the search for urban sustainability and the residential sector representativeness in the final consumption of water and energy in the country were the main motivations of this research. The current situation of Petrolina(PE) in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the UN 2030 Agenda (regarding water and energy) was investigated, their respective interferences in the residential sector and the consumption optimizing possibilities. For this, a documentary research and a case study were carried out in a middle-class single-family residence in the city. The use of sources such as IDSC, MAPBIOMAS, PCS, SNIS, SNS, Instituto Trata Brasil, EPE, ANEEL, ONS, CRESESB, regional research and government publications allowed the first stage of the research to be carried out, where the level of development of the city was investigated, referring to water and energy management. In the second stage of the research, the case study residence consumption pattern was characterized and possibilities for improvement were studied according to the guidelines of the Casa Azul + CAIXA seals; AQUA-HQE and GBC Brasil Casa. The investigation of the urban space made it possible to perceive that, although 100% and 83.65% of the municipal population are served with water and sewage services, respectively, the city's water management still needs improvement: there are losses in distribution, constant stoppages and water shortages in households, as well as garbage and raw sewage disposal in river waters. It was observed that the city is at risk of desertification and human interference has caused environmental impact in the São Francisco basin. With regard to energy, it was noticed that, although 99.21% of households in the city have access to electricity, the population still faces challenges related to energy vulnerability, influenced by the effects of climate change. Certain divergences were observed between the Sustainable Cities Development Index and official data, especially in relation to water. In the case study, possible measures to optimize water and energy consumption could be: use of rainwater and water reuse (contribution of 51.63L/day and 120.35L/day, respectively - systems that together would completely supply the demand for nonpotable water in the home and would reduce by 57.7% the pressure that the home exerts on the city's supply system); replacement of electrical equipment by more efficient ones (12% reduction in residential energy demand); incorporation of photovoltaic panels in the residence (it would supply the energy demand of the family, with a financial payback period of 38 months). Impasses observed: need to separate the hydrosanitary installation in case of installation of reuse and water heating system (solar panels). It was noted that the guidelines of the certification systems are useful for residences in operation that were not designed to meet any environmental certification (although with limited flexibility), and can contribute to the optimization of family consumption and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. in urban space.