Análise da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio São Miguel/AL por geotecnologias

Abstract

This work aims to analyze the landscape of the São Miguel-AL river´s hydrographic basin in its environmental aspects, aiming to understand the alterations and impacts arising from the use and occupation of the soil by means of geotechnologies. For this, a literature review was carried out based on the themes proposed for the research, such as systems and geosystems, hydrographic basin, landscape and environmental analysis, geoprocessing and Geographic Information System - GIS. This stage was of great importance and allowed to give theoretical basis to the research through works already existing in the scientific scope. The later steps consisted in the acquisition and data capture on digital basis. These data allowed the delimitation of the study area and the elaboration of the proposed thematic mappings, such as pedology, declivity, geomorphological units, digital elevation model, vegetation and land use. Another stage was the field work, in which altitude points and the coordinates were recorded, as well as a photographic record of environmental changes and impacts. The final stage was to obtain the map of environmental impacts using the Kernel's density propose, which provides to analysed in specialized form of the agglomerates of points of the alterations and impacts identified. Once this was done, the analysis of the basin landscape was performed, highlighting the localities with the greatest alterations and environmental impacts caused or intensified due to the use and occupation of the soil. Thus, the highest occurrences of environmental impacts were located in the high and low course of the São Miguel River. These localities present a very high degree of environmental impacts due to urbanized áreas and activities directed to mining. In this way, the research showed that the intense use and occupation of the soil in the São Miguel river hydrographic basin altered the landscape, initiating environmental impacts and putting at risk the availability of natural resources and the well-being of fauna, flora and man.