Inovações projetuais, tecnológicas e éticas em edifícios multifamiliares verticais: os vencedores do prêmio Master Ademi-AL (2007-2017)

Abstract

Innovation, although widely used, is generally generic and without well-defined criteria, especially when associated with multifamily residential buildings. The architectural design is complex, involving several agents, so that when an architect proposes changes in a specialty, this causes changes in more advanced stages in other disciplines, causing rework or abandonment of the project. As a result, real estate agents seek safety and there is, therefore, a process of standardization in Brazilian multifamily vertical production, and can be seen in advertisements of real estate projects to realize this affirmation and observation of buildings during a walk through the streets of the city, confirming the repeatability of the projects. However, it is observed that this standardization occurs commonly in projects oriented to the "B" standard of buildings, while innovations are employed in projects aimed at the richest extracts of society. In this context, innovations are necessary to qualify the product: vertical multifamily buildings. Promoting a less standardized architecture there are architectural awards, in which it is possible to find innovations in the winning projects, highlighting in the regional scope, the ADEMI-AL Master Award. The objective of this master's thesis is to investigate the use of innovations in the architectural production of vertical multifamily buildings that won the ADEMI-AL Prize from 2007 to 2017. Tem buildings were selected between 2007 and 2017, excepting 2010, as it did not fit the definition of vertical multifamily building, in order to analyze innovations, there are at least three types of innovation and respective analysis criteria: a) design innovations: plant flexibility and typological variation; b) technological innovations: structure and materials and composition of volumes; c) ethical innovations: sustainability in architecture and public x private integration. Based on the number of criteria reached by the enterprises, degrees of innovation were defined to characterize the projects: low, from 0 to 2 criteria; regular, from 3 to 4 criteria; and high, from 5 to 6 criteria. It was noticed that the innovations employed in the winning projects are still slow and punctual, with many buildings reaching a "low" level of innovation and only 2 reaching a "high" level, without however none observing the 6 criteria, so that no there are totally innovative buildings in the award-winning Maceio production. It was recognized in marketing that companies exploit the product without paying attention to these innovations, ignoring them in terms of aspects unrelated to the project such as location, surroundings, luxury and status. The initial impression was that the research would reveal more outstanding innovations as in the examples cited in the literature review, but what was identified was that the innovations in some criteria are minimal as a reversible room or the use of a slightly different material of the usual, although the research has brought surprises to other ventures as they revealed innovations in criteria that were not expected a priori. The contribution of the work is in the form of analyzing innovations in architectural projects, by means of criteria, in the definition of degrees of innovation for the enterprises, in demonstrating the innovative incipient scenario of Maceió.