Fundamentos históricos e ontológicos da alienação do trabalho no capitalismo

Abstract

The following dissertation presents an analysis of the historical and ontological foundations of labor alienation in the capitalist mode of production. The capital system emerges from the wreckage of feudal society and structures itself in a radically new way, turning labor exploitation into a fundamentally economic issue. From the establishment of a social force of production, capitalism is able to rise productive force to a new level and the making of wealth reaches levels never before imagined. Yet all this development is underpinned by an irremediable contradiction, the alienated labor. Through extensive historical research, we analyzed the emergence and maturation of the capitalist system to its industrial phase. Within this scenario, we identified as the main characteristics of labor alienation and its importance for the reproduction of bourgeois society. As the production evolved under the command of capital, also did the subsequent alienation of labor, creating misery for the worker in the same proportion that guarantees the capitalist accumulation. Throughout our research we also investigate the ontological foundations of this category. According to the framework offered by Marxian theory, we were able to conclude that understanding the alienation of labor is only possible if we consider the distinction between labor and abstract labor, a particular capitalist of labor. From this distinction, it was possible to conclude that work represents a category responsible for the foundation of social being. On the other hand, in capitalism, a series of secondary mediations promotes the rupture of the essential link between man and nature, allowing the emergence of his alienated form which here identifies with wage labor. Given this, it is evident that the single possible solution to the contradiction created by the capital system itself is the realization of an emancipated society, built from the overcoming of the alienated labor.