Os impactos socioambientais decorrentes de lixões: estudo de caso do Sítio Gulandim - Limoeiro de Anadia - Alagoas

Abstract

The importance of addressing issues related to the environmental imbalance and the quality of life of the population motivated this study on socio-environmental impacts. In this way, this research aimed to carry out an analysis of the socioenvironmental impacts from the deactivated dump in the Gulandim site in Limoeiro de Anadia / AL. For this, a qualitative and quantitative research approach was used, with data collection through questionnaires applied to the local population and interview with the secretary of the environment of the municipality. In order to support the discussion, a survey of theoretical references was carried out. Based on these studies, it was discussed the production of solid waste in Brazil and its final disposition in relation to the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). In addition, it was evidenced the approach of socio-environmental impacts relating the context of the environmental impact to the socio-environmental. Based on this conceptual basis, the analysis of the area comprising the deactivated dump and some geographic categories, namely: region, landscape and place associated with said study area, was discussed. We present the territorial categorization area of study with description of the research through photographic and satellite images, area mapping. Areas with vegetation suppression, visual pollution, accumulation and disposal of the various wastes / wastes in the soil were identified. Soil and water samples were analyzed at the site investigated, from which there are considerable levels of environmental impacts. In the case of soil samples, there were differences for the phosphorus elements (P) and increase in the sodium (Na) concentration when related to the depth of the two samples that were analyzed. As for water, it was observed that there were changes in physical and chemical elements such as color, turbidity, Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), among others. In addition to the environmental impacts already presented, social and health impacts were identified through questionnaires applied with the local population. Health problems, such as: respiratory and cutaneous, diseases from inflammable gases such as methane and unpleasant odors. In this way, it was concluded that the inadequate disposal of solid waste in landfills caused socio-environmental impacts to the population of the Gulandim site, and that the problem related to dumps even deactivated continues to cause harmful effects to those residing around these areas.