As atividades de preceptoria na rede de atenção básica: fatores que influenciam na atuação do preceptor

Abstract

Preceptory is a teaching modality that has been taking the scenario of health education in Brazil. Preceptors are linked to services of the Unified Health System that receive undergraduate or postgraduate students in the health area, in the context of an education program, in order to guide them in the daily life of their work. The purpose of the present research was to identify the factors that influence the performance of the Preceptor, to know the perception of health professionals, about the teaching-learning process, and to identify the advances and difficulties faced by professionals in the exercise of preceptorship. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The participants were preceptors linked to the Basic Attention Network of the Municipality of Marechal Deodoro / AL, constituting a total of 17 preceptors. For data collection, a semi-structured interview technique was used, based on a script developed to guide the approach, in order to obtain in-depth information. The technique chosen for the treatment of qualitative data was the Bardin content analysis. The data of this study pointed out that the factors that influence the preceptory activities of health professionals in Primary Care are: lack of specific training for preceptors, lack of physical space; The scarcity of adequate equipment and materials to develop good practice; Great daily demand for services; Insecurity and unpreparedness of some students; The distance between the Institutions of Higher Education and the health service; Lack of specific training. In addition, the professional experience and the time of service of the preceptors, and the exchange of experiences with the academics were positive markers in the activities of teaching-learning. The health professionals interviewed almost consensually considered the role of the preceptor as transmitter of knowledge, who is responsible for teaching everything he knows to the students. Thus, the results provide support for the awareness of professionals and managers regarding the importance of training and corroborate to an adequate planning for the actions of improvement of the teaching-learning process in health services in Primary Care.