Avaliação térmica de habitações unifamiliares do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Maceió-AL

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal performance and the indoor thermal comfort of a horizontal residential enterprise located in the climate context of the city of Maceió-AL. The methodological procedures used consisted of qualitative and quantitative thermal approaches a base model (original model of horizontal housing architectural design, which matches the standard practice) and another model called model with change in aperture area of windows (with changes in the openings areas of effective ventilation as laid down in NBR 15220 Bioclimatic zone 8). These thermal approaches included studies of heatstroke facades, wind flow visualization and computer simulations of these two models in study; In addition to on-site monitoring of internal thermal conditions of the two residential units of the enterprise, with distinct guidelines, with the purpose to validate what was simulated in the computer. The evaluation criteria for the conditions of internal thermal comfort of environments studied models consisted of a comfort range defined by the existing technical literature in the area and deemed appropriate for users exposed to hot and humid weather. The results obtained in the thermal qualitative approach proved that facades of the units which received insolation, needs sun protection for both models studied. On the other hand, the increase of opening area to 40% of the floor area promoted the satisfactory renewal of indoor air environments, for both guidelines existed in the units of the enterprise. In thermal quantitative approach, simulations with the changed model in general decreased the amount of comfortable hours understanding that the increase of effective ventilation area will increase the internal thermal load. Monitoring the spot confirmed the slight difference in thermal performance found in the simulations carried out for two distinct orientations. The original model of the studied enterprise (Base Model) was the best answer to thermal performance requirements established by the regulations, with the addition of mixed protectors for the shading of some openings. The project analyzed, finally, can be considered adequate to the exposed weather, as on the analysis performed, the results of the internal temperatures of the analyzed environments found themselves, for the most part, within the comfort limits set forth in this work. These values correspond to the range of 65% to 93%, on an estimated percentage of annual comfortable hours. It is known, however, that the high percentage of thermal comfort found may mask some important points of analysis; since the considered range has a wide range of acceptability. Furthermore, in climates with little temperature variation, any variation may interfere with the sensation of thermal comfort. Hopefully, this study could contribute to the growing discussion about development of projects of horizontal residential thermally comfortable, with the use of natural air conditioning.