Associação entre os polimorfismos I/D da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA), C/A do CYP1A2 e s suplementação de cafeína sobre o desempenho aeróbio/anaeróbio em jovens esportistas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of CYP1A2 enzyme and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms in young athletes and associate their performance in physical tests supplemented with caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) with the genetic profiles found. The work was divided into a narrative review and an article of results. The main studies that evaluated the physical performance associated to genetic polymorphisms in a population characterized as adolescents were researched, finding a total of 17 studies. Regarding the results’ article, 100 adolescents (12-19 years old) participating in sports projects were selected independently of the modality. The subjects underwent an anthropometry, self-evaluation of sexual maturation and a blood collection for genotyping. In two other visits they performed a battery with six physical tests in the order that follows (handgrip strength test, agility test, push-up test, countermovement jump test, sit-up test and Yoyo intermittent recovery test level 1). Supplementation was randomized and double blinded between CAF (6mg/kg) or PLA (cellulose) for each day. There was an improvement for CAF compared to PLA (p<0.05) in almost all tests except for agility. There were no differences between the genotypic groups (p>0.05) between CAF and PLA, except for the countermovement jump in the CAF group. Regarding the improvements (p<0.05), only battery test was found in the AA/DD group. In the AA/DI group, only the handgrip strength test, VO2max and battery test was significantly better. In the AA/II group did not show significant improvement. For the C allele carriers, improvement (p<0.05) was found in the C/DD group in the abdominal, push-up test and battery test, in the C/DI group was found in the counter movement ump, sit-up test, push-up test and battery test and in the C/II group improvements was found in the counter movement jump, push-up test, VO2max and in the battery test. A high genotypic frequency of the two genes was found. The adolescent group is very responsive to the CAF, despite the fears of the literature. Polymorphisms seem to influence physical performance, but more studies should be performed and more polymorphisms are needed for better inference, since the evaluation of only one polymorphism may not be sufficient to predict individual athletic performance.