Sequências didáticas para o estudo de circuitos elétricos utilizando dispositivos semicondutores: uma abordagem direcionada à educação básica

Abstract

When describing the object of knowledge, specifically during electrical circuit classes, the teacher usually makes a sketch or an electrical diagram on the blackboard, uses an image or even an electronic simulator, trying, as much as possible, to reduce abstraction in the Physics classes. However, all these resources can serve as a supplement to a methodology that, in this work, is proposed as more effective: experimentation through the construction and execution of exercises with current and voltage dividers and the use of operational amplifiers. The use of experiments with electrical circuits for training purposes is already a very present reality in third-year high school classes. However, its application in the scope of Elementary Education is still of little expressive character. Furthermore, at any level of Basic Education, when the topic of semiconductors is approached, it usually happens in a purely theoretical way. In the experimentation we find elements that constitute scientific literacy that open possibilities for the insertion of knowledge objects in a sequential way and that provide a didactic redesign in the teaching and learning processes. This work brings as an educational product didactic sequences whose main focus, from the use of assembly kits, is the study of electrical circuits with the use of semiconductor operational amplifiers, aimed at basic education. This is the report of an experience carried out at the Municipal Elementary School Aurélio Buarque de Holanda and the Pedro Joaquim de Jesus State Basic Education School, in the municipality of Teotônio Vilela - AL, in the 9th and 3rd year classes, respectively, where the students, in a co-production process with the teacher, participated in workshops for the assembly of electrical circuits based on diagrams illustrated in study guides to facilitate the assimilation of physics contente about electricity. We know that much is still needed to reach higher levels of education, but this work has shown it to have potential and to be a significant contribution to the teaching and learning processes.