Adesão à terapêutica medicamentosa em pacientes com Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The WHO points out that patients with chronic diseases are potential candidates for inadequate follow-up of the proposed medication therapy, which impairs its effectiveness. In the group of chronic diseases is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), which also corresponds to an inflammatory, multisystemic, immune-mediated disease. Low adherence in SLE can lead to disease activity, organic damage, an increase in the number and time of hospital admissions, reducing the quality of life of this patient, culminating in a high risk of morbidity and mortality, work and school absenteeism, generating a great psychosocial impact and economic in the bearer and in his social environment. OBJECTIVES: To verify the prevalence of Medication Treatment Adherence (MTA) among patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and associated factors. METHOD: cross-sectional study carried out at the SLE Outpatient Clinic of the Rheumatology Service of the University Hospital of Alagoas, Brazil. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 116 patients in outpatient care. Data collection was based on the application of the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, ABEP's Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, MAT (Measurement of Adherence to Treatment), SF-12, SLICC, SLEDAI and analysis of medical records. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 95.7% female participants, with a mean age of 36.5±11.30 years, 82.8% non-Caucasians, with more than 10 years of schooling. study in 89% of participants, with 46.6% of the sample framed in social vulnerability status, with regard to socioeconomic class DE, with an average income of up to R$1,100.00, equivalent to US$212.76. As for life habits, 10.3% of the participants said they were alcoholics, 2.7% said they were smokers, 19% said they practiced regular physical exercise. The MTA rate was 55.2%, being associated with the practice of physical exercise (p=0.032) and perception of not having difficulties with the treatment (p=0.002). DISCUSSION: This was the first known assessment relating the five dimensions proposed by the WHO to understand the problem of MTA carried out in the Northeast of a developing country like Brazil, in a tertiary care hospital, through the Covid-19 pandemic, and addressing exercise physical as a study variable. CONCLUSION: A little more than half of the sample (55.2% of participants) had adherence to drug treatment for SLE. The practice of physical exercise and perception of difficulties with the treatment were associated with MTA. The findings highlight the need for future studies to understand the underlying mechanisms of MTA for rheumatologic diseases in general.