Identificação de sinais precoces de alteração/transtornos mentais em puérperas para promoção do autocuidado

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period in which several physical and psychological changes occur and is marked by physiological changes that can affect mental health. The objective is to identify early signs of changes and/or mental disorders in postpartum women to promote self-care. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out after approval by the Research Ethics Committee and based on Resolutions 466/12 and 510/16, which govern research with human beings. The population studied were postpartum women attended at the basic health unit. The analysis was performed through the construction of a database, organized and stored in a spreadsheet in the EXCEL software (Microsoft Office) for the coding of variables, with double typing, by different researchers to validate this spreadsheet. The postpartum women participating in the study come from the peripheral region of the city of Maceió, mostly self-declared as brown, have completed high school education, and are between the age group of 18 to 39 years old, fitting in as women of reproductive age, classified as teenage mothers and young adult mothers. These are women who recognize the need to practice self-care, but who have some obstacles linked to the most different realities and daily lives in which they are inserted, becoming risk factors for mental disorders/alterations during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. The implementation of comprehensive health care for women, which occurs during prenatal care, childbirth and birth, are essential conditions for the prevention of mental disorders and illnesses that occur at such a unique stage, which is the puerperal period. With this, it is recognized the need to establish a bond between the health team and the postpartum woman assisted, in order to promote essential information about the physiological changes that occur, as well as to encourage these women's self-care, making the postpartum period better both for the puerperal woman, as for the newborn and the whole family circle.