Crescimento de Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kük. e a relação entre o tempo de cultivo, rendimento e composição química do seu óleo essencial

Abstract

Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kük. is a ruderal species, popularly used for medicinal purposes, producing essential oil (OE) with little known properties and uses. In this context, the objective of the current work was to define the chemical profile and higher yield of OE of this species. To this end, it was verified the state of the plant material in which the yield of C. sesquiflorus was higher, verifying the changes in its chemical profile. The species was also subjected to cultivation in order to know its growth and OE production according to age. The plants were collected and cultivated at the Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Campus of the Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo-AL. 15 periodic growth journals were performed, determining: shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh and dry mass, shoot and roots. The number of live leaves, inflorescences, and live and dead profiles was counted. The EO was found by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry. The results found revealed relevant differences in OE yield between fresh plants (0.14%) and dehydrated plants (0.097%). At 28 days after transplantation (DAT), a longer leaf length was observed (30 cm). DAT 0, 6, 17, 22, 28 and 34 were the best for thatch, with a diameter of 3.0 mm. The initial number of leaves (9) decreased during the treatments, with 0, 6, 17, 22, 28 and 34 DAT being the best for obtaining plants between 6 and 7.5 leaves. The root length almost doubled from DAT 0 to DAT 34, reaching 15 cm, without differing from 22 and 28 DAT. Treatments 0, 6 and 17 DAT provided plants with the lowest number of inflorescences, the maximum of which was added in DAT 90. This treatment also provided the largest number of tillers and the highest weight of total dry matter. The biomass allocation was higher at the roots in DAT 6, 76 and 90 and the only treatment with higher biomass allocation in the aerial part was DAT 61. The treatment with the highest essential oil yield was DAT 17. The chemical profile was composed mainly of aristoloquene, valencene, miltail-4 (12) -eno and β-elemene and the majority was not identified. Finally, it was concluded that the essential oil of C. sesquiflorus is composed mainly of sesquiterpenes and that the drying procedure and the age of the plant reduced its yield, being higher in fresh plants and at 17 DAT. The relative content of the compounds also changed due to drying and age.