Nematóides com potencial zoonótico encontrados em peixes com importância comercial, coletados no baixo Rio São Francisco, Alagoas, Brasil

Abstract

The biodiversity of nematodes is of great importance in contributing to the ecological balance of the environment. In this sense, the occurrence of parasitic nematodes in fish can be an indicator of future problems for fisheries ichthyofauna, and can also be harmful to human health, in cases of nematodes with zoonotic potential, which can cause serious losses in the commercialization of fish. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out a study on the biodiversity of nematodes, focusing on nematodes with zoonotic potential, collected in the region of the lower São Francisco River, in order to morphologically identify the taxa found, verify the sites of infection and infestation, and whether there has already been a record of the occurrence of the nematodes found for the species analyzed. the study was carried out with 3 specimens of Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and 26 of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). The specimens were necropsied and analyzed for parasite collection, where the nematodes found were morphologically identified. In the specimens of H. brasiliensis, nematodes of the genus Contracaecum and Terranova, belonging to the family Anisakidae, were found, presenting a prevalence of 33.33% for both genera. The genus Contracaесит was also found in H. malabaricus, with a prevalence of 11,54%, being the only genus found among the analyzed specimens, which has zoonotic potential, and, in addition to it, nematodes of the genera Cystidicoloides, Guyanema and Procamallanus were also identified with a prevalence of 50%, 26.92% and 7.69%, respectively. Thus, in view of the results obtained, it was possible to infer that although H. brasiliensis presented a greater intensity of nematodes with zoonotic potential, the specimens of H. malabaricus were the ones that presented the greatest diversity of genera, thus suggesting that both species are not exempt from having their commercialization impaired, due to the risk of infection by nematodes of the genera found, and contamination through their consumption, in the case of infection by nematodes with zoonotic potential. However, in relation to the species H. brasiliensis, more studies are needed for this region, due to the scarcity of works like this for this species.