Relação entre o papiloma vírus humano (HPV) e câncer oral em adultos jovens: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Given the increase in diagnosed cases of oral cancer in young adults and the limited exposure to the traditional etiological factors (alcoholism and smoking), viral infections, such as HPV, arise as a possible causal factor. Methods: This study was registered on the PROSPERO platform and conducted according to the PRISMA protocol. The electronic search was performed in three scientific databases using the PECO strategy (P-Participants: young adults; EExposure: presence of HPV; C-Comparison: absence of HPV; O-Outcome: oral cancer), in addition to a manual search. Risk of bias assessment of the articles was performed using QUIPS (Quality In Prognosis Studies) and NOS (NewcastleOttawa). Results: Four cohort studies with 1,027 participants were included. All articles received a “high risk of bias” score in at least one domain. “Moderate risk” only appeared in two domains. Conclusion: Despite the initial thought, HPV showed little to no association with oral cancer in young adults in most of the analyzed studies, while its relationship appears to be more frequent with genetic mutations and important protein expression alterations in the regulation of the cell cycle.