Ensino de frações através do método de resolução de problemas : uma sequência didática para o 6º ano

Abstract

Among the mathematics content that is developed in Elementary School, fractions are one of the biggest challenges in teaching and learning for students. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a didactic sequence for teaching fractions in the 6th year of Elementary School, which will be based on the Problem Resolution method, in accordance with the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). We developed qualitative research, with a bibliographic study on the Problem Resolution method developed by Pólya (1995) and Onuchic and Allevato (2021). We also studied what the BNCC says in relation to problem solving and the difficulties that students have in teaching fractions, ending with the analysis of two textbooks approved by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD), in which concerns teaching fractions through problem solving. The didactic sequence was designed with four activities, twelve situations, nineteen questions and a game, which aims to facilitate students' understanding when teaching fractions, which will serve as inspiration for teachers to apply in their classrooms in the way it was designed. or even adapt it to the needs of your students.