Aspectos nutricionais nos cuidados paliativos em nefrologia: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem that progressively affects kidney function, and its severity is marked by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In advanced stages, the indicated treatments are hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. At this stage, palliative care becomes essential to improve the quality of life of patients. This study aims to review the literature on palliative care in nephrology, with an emphasis on nutritional care. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to slow the progression of CKD. However, in advanced stages, the complexity of treatments and side effects may lead the patient to refuse dialysis, worsening clinical complications and increasing the risk of mortality. The nutritional approach in patients with CKD undergoing palliative care should be individualized, considering the stage of the disease. Therefore, adaptations of existing nutritional recommendations have been proposed to serve this group of patients. In addition, respecting the patient's wishes is essential. Relaxing dietary restrictions contributes to symptom relief and provides a more pleasant diet. Care must be conducted by a team of health professionals through a humanized and patient-centered approach, always seeking to ensure the well-being, comfort and dignity of the individual until the end of life.