Assistência de enfermagem no manejo da sede pós-operatória: revisão Integrativa

Abstract

Thirst is a frequent and underestimated symptom in the postoperative period, resulting from factors such as prolonged fasting, use of anesthetics, surgical stress, and dehydration of the oral mucosa. Therefore, this study aimed to map the scientific evidence on nursing care in the management of postoperative thirst. This is na integrative literature review, conducted in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, including studies published between 2019 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. In total, 60 articles were identified, of which 21 comprised the final sample after applying the inclusion criteria. A predominance of Brazilian studies (52%) was observed, focusing on general, orthopedic, and abdominal surgeries. The main management strategies identified were: use of ice (popsicles or cubes), cold water sprays, early oral hydration, and mentholated popsicles. These interventions proved effective in reducing the intensity and discomfort of thirst, supported by the physiological mechanism of pre-absorptive satiety, which promotes relief even with small amounts of liquid. The Numerical Visual Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Perioperative Thirst Discomfort Scale were the most frequently used tools for assessing thirst, while studies also reinforced the nurse's role in applying safety protocols based on criteria such as level of consciousness, protective reflexes, and absence of nausea. However, challenges persist, such as rigid fasting protocols, low professional awareness of thirst, and patient reluctance to report the symptom. It is concluded that there is a need for greater appreciation of thirst as an object of nursing care, implementation of institutional management protocols, and professional training for appropriate assessment and intervention. Strengthening these practices contributes to safer, more humanized, and evidence-based care.