Benefícios da cirurgia robótica em relação à cirurgia videolaparoscópica: percepção da equipe de enfermagem

Abstract

Introduction: The transition from laparoscopy to robotic surgery has introduced minimally invasive technologies that have transformed nursing care and work dynamics, optimizing technical precision and patient safety. However, its implementation involves operational challenges, the need for specific training, and high costs, making it important to understand the perceptions of nurses who work directly in these procedures. Objective: To compare perioperative nurses’ perceptions of clinical outcomes and operational challenges of robotic surgery compared to laparoscopy. Method: A descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted using a structured electronic questionnaire, developed by the researchers and made available via Google Forms®, from February to April 2026. Fourteen nurses with experience in robotic and/or laparoscopic surgery participated in the study. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis using absolute and relative frequencies. The narrative responses were organized by thematic categorization and grouped according to the frequency of the identified categories.Results: The majority of participants were specialized nurses (57.1%) with more than eight years of experience in the operating room and post-anesthesia care unit (78.6%) and experience in robotic and laparoscopic surgery (85.7%). Participants attributed greater precision of movements and reduced intraoperative blood loss (100%), better functional outcomes and shorter hospital stays (100%), as well as less postoperative pain (92.9%) to robotic surgery. On the other hand, laparoscopy was cited as simpler for nursing preparation (92.9%) and associated with better cost-effectiveness (57.1%). Robotic surgery was perceived as more operationally complex, requiring greater operating room preparation (100%), higher cognitive and physical demands (71.5%), and a longer adaptation period (64.3%). Among the benefits of robotic surgery, greater precision and surgical dexterity (57.1%), less bleeding (42.9%), and faster recovery (42.9%) stood out, while high cost (57.1%) and the need for specific training (35.7%) were identified as its main weaknesses.Conclusion: In the view of the participating nurses, robotic surgery offers significant clinical and technological benefits compared to laparoscopy, particularly in terms of precision, safety, and patient recovery. However, factors such as high cost, greater operational complexity, and the need for ongoing training pose challenges to its widespread adoption in healthcare services. The findings reinforce the leading role of perioperative nursing in adapting to technological innovations and highlight the need for investments in professional training to ensure safe, high-quality care.