Eficácia da utilização da escala de ELPO para avaliar o risco de desenvolvimento de lesões por pressão em pacientes adultos no intraoperatório: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Pressure injuries related to surgical positioning represent a significant patient safety risk during the intraoperative period, being associated with increased length of hospital stay, healthcare costs, and morbidity. In this context, the Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Pressure Injuries Resulting from Surgical Positioning (ELPO) stands out as an instrument developed for the early identification of patients vulnerable to the development of pressure injuries. This study aimed to map the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of using the ELPO to assess the risk of developing pressure injuries in adult patients during the intraoperative period. This is a scoping review conducted according to the recommendations of the JBI and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The search was performed in indexed databases and grey literature, without restriction of language or publication period. 3,470 studies were identified, of which 19 comprised the final sample after the selection and eligibility stages. The studies showed that the ELPO has validity, reliability, and predictive capacity to identify patients at higher risk of developing pressure injuries resulting from surgical positioning. Among the main factors associated with high scores on the scale were advanced age, prolonged surgical time, presence of comorbidities, surgical position, and type of anesthesia. Furthermore, it was found that the systematic use of the ELPO contributes to the planning of preventive measures and to the promotion of patient safety. Therefore, the ELPO is characterized as an effective instrument for assessing the risk of pressure injuries during the intraoperative period, constituting an important tool for intraoperative nursing practice and for the implementation of evidence-based preventive strategies.