O tratamento da pessoa com fibromialgia: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic syndrome of unknown origin, characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep and mood disorders, predominantly affecting women and leading patients to face prejudice; its concept has historically evolved from “fibrositis” to the current ACR criteria, which discarded tender points in favor of the WPI and SS scales, but the diagnosis remains purely clinical by exclusion, requiring holistic and multidisciplinary treatment due to the combination of genetic and psychosocial factors involved in its development. Objective: Analyze publications in databases regarding the treatment of people with fibromyalgia. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, descriptive and with a qualitative approach, guided by the question: "What publications exist in databases regarding the treatment of people with fibromyalgia?". The research was conducted using the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed). The descriptors used were organized according to the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and their combinations using the Boolean operator “AND”, namely: “Fibromyalgia AND Comprehensive Health Care AND Health Personnel”; in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Results: 37 articles were found after selection by titles and abstracts, and 10 articles were selected, read in full, and classified into four categories: physical exercise; acupuncture; neuroscience education; and transcranial stimulation. Thus, it was possible to identify the benefits for patients affected by Fibromyalgia. Conclusion: As there are no specific tests to diagnose and evaluate Fibromyalgia, the assessment instruments of the interventions found in the review depend on the application of questionnaires and consequently on the limitations related to this assessment method. Despite this, it was identified that the treatment of Fibromyalgia requires a multidisciplinary approach; in this sense, the treatment that appears to bring the most effects is the combination of psychological interventions, physical exercise, and drugs, with personalized and individualized plans with functional goals and periodic review, taking into account the cost-benefit for the patient.