O trabalho da(o) enfermeira(o) na rede de atenção primária e de média complexidade no município de Arapiraca - AL: uma análise à luz da Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem e em Saúde Coletiva – TIPESC

Abstract

This study analyzes the nursing work in Primary Health Care (APS) and in complex medical care in Arapiraca, AL, motivated by gaps between theory and practice identified in previous research. Considering the complexity of work in health in the context of SUS, the importance of training aligned with the principles of the system stands out, facing challenges such as the lack of preparation for the implementation in APS. To understand this work, the Teoria da Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva (TIPESC) is used, which articulates the singular, particular and structural dimensions of the phenomenon. To analyze the nursing situation in Arapiraca based on TIPESC, the study seeks to identify common questions and provide solutions for the challenges faced in the research scenario. It is a descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, following the two first stages of TIPESC: capture of objective reality and interpretation of that reality. The qualitative methodology is used to search for explanations about the phenomena and allows the exploration of unexpected dimensions, linked to the subjectivity of two participants. This is crucial to achieve the proposed objectives in the area of social and health sciences. To capture objective reality, two data collection techniques are used, namely: Participant Observation (OP) and Semi-structured Interview. To analyze and interpret reality, we adopted Minayo's Thematic Analysis method (2014), composed of three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of the material and treatment of the results. The interviews were transcribed and the stories were used exclusively to organize the data. Next, the content was explored to identify the nuclei of understanding. The results were interpreted in light of the theoretical framework, using a historical materialist analysis, which is based on the perception of the interviewees to establish connections with the social totality of the studied context. Therefore, it was possible to identify two Thematic nuclei, namely: 1) The particularity of being a nurse: an analysis between the structural and the singular; e 2) Non-exercise practice causes illness. Thus, it is important to say that the dimensions addressed in TIPESC provide the context for discussing two discursive nuclei found, aiming for a more profound understanding of the interactions between theory and practice in the exercise of illness.