Políticas públicas de valorização do magistério: uma análise da Lei 14.113/2020 e a austeridade implementada em razão da atual crise econômica e quedas na arrecadação de impostos que compõe o novo FUNDEB

Abstract

The dissertation analyzes the impact of the New Fundeb in the context of the municipality of Maceió, focusing on the effectiveness of educational financing and the valorization of the teaching profession in an environment of fiscal austerity. The work is structured into several sections, beginning with an introduction that historically contextualizes the financing of education in Brazil and the creation of the New Fundeb as a permanent and essential instrument for resource redistribution. The introduction emphasizes the role of public policies in addressing regional inequalities, highlighting the importance of a solid and sustainable fund to support basic education. The theoretical foundation details the concepts of education and public policies, addressing the evolution of educational financing policies, from Fundef to the consolidation of Fundeb. In this section, the author discusses educational and teacher valorization theories, connecting these ideas to the Brazilian reality and the challenges faced in Maceió. The methodology combines document analysis and a bibliographic review, employing a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach to explore how Fundeb resources impact teacher remuneration, working conditions, and the quality of education provided. In the section addressing the impacts of the New Fundeb on the municipality of Maceió, the dissertation presents data on resource execution and the limitations imposed by the austerity scenario. The effects of Constitutional Amendment No. 95 (Spending Cap) and Amendment No. 109/2021, which restrict investments in essential areas like education, are discussed. The analysis in Maceió's specific context reveals that, although there has been a significant increase in resources, this increase does not necessarily result in a proportional improvement in educational quality. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the need for more efficient management and suggests future research to evaluate the regional impacts of the New Fundeb, particularly in municipalities with lower economic capacity.