Avaliação do potencial antiglicante, antioxidante e fotoprotetor de extratos hidroetanólicos da casca e semente da jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora)

Abstract

Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction that can occur through different mechanisms, with the Maillard reaction (MR) being the most explored route in the literature for the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). RM begins with the covalent addition of an amino group from a biomolecule to the carbonyl of a reducing sugar, such as glucose or fructose, resulting in the formation of highly reactive dicarbonyl intermediates, which react again with the amino group of biomolecules, leading to the formation of AGEs, whose accumulation is potentially toxic and is related to the development and progression of chronic degenerative diseases. In this context, the species Plinia cauliflora makes an important contribution to the population with its cultural and economic effect, in addition to being an important source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the work evaluated the antioxidant, anti-glycating and photoprotective potential of ethanolic extracts from the peel (EHECJ) and seed (EHESJ) of jabuticaba to add value to what is considered waste by the juice industries. To this end, we evaluated the total phenolic content (CTF) of the extracts, the antioxidant potential by DPPH●radical capture assays (IC50), the iron reducing capacity (FRAP), elimination of the superoxide anion radical (O2●-) and of hypochlorous acid (HOCl). While the antiglycation potential was evaluated by the initial systems (Bovine serum albumin - BSA) + Glucose (G) and Fructose (F), the intermediates (Methylglyoxal - MG) of the glycation reaction. We also evaluated the antiglycating potential using hemoglobin (Hb), as well as changes in the Heme group by monitoring the Soret band and the potential to inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils. In relation to the photoprotective potential, sun protection (SPF) was determined in the extracts, formulations and incorporations of the extract with benzophenone. In antioxidant assays, such as in the DPPH●assay, the extracts presented IC50 of 7.7 ± 0.2 μg mL-1(EHESJ) and 30.1 ± 0.9 μg mL-1(EHECJ). For O2●-elimination, the IC50 values were 22.5 ± 1.8 μg mL-1(EHESJ) and 62.4 ± 10.0 μg mL-1(EHECJ), and for HOCl the values IC50 of 8.1 ± 1.3 μg mL-1and IC50 = 7.5 ± 2.7 μg mL-1 for EHESJ and EHECJ, respectively. Furthermore, the FRAP values were 2002.1 ± 21.4 and 1048.9 ± 1.74 µmol ET g-1of dry extract, for EHESJ and EHECJ, respectively. The CTF was 116.4 ± 1.7 and 80.3 ± 0.5 in mg of ET/g of dry extract, for EHESJ and EHECJ, respectively. Regarding the antiglycant potential with BSA, it was not possible to determine the IC50 due to the extracts showing fluorescence in the same region where AGEs are formed. However, in the systems in which Hb was used, it was possible to evaluate the reduction in the formation of AGEs, in addition, the evaluation of the Soret band showed the attenuation of changes caused by glycation, although this was not evidenced in the evaluation of inhibition. formation of amyloid fibrils. Regarding the photoprotective potential, in the range of 0.25 to 8.0 mg mL-1, the extracts presented FPS values that varied from approximately 5 to 36, in contrast, the formulations (4 to 50 mg mL-1) SPF ranged from 7 to 35. Therefore, these results highlight the potential of the extracts to be used in photoprotective and anti-aging cosmetic formulations, as well as as an adjuvant in health promotion.