Aplicação da metodologia de mapeamento em semi-detalhe nas classes de solos do município de Maribondo - Alagoas

Abstract

The integration of geomorphology, hydrology, climatology and geology is fundamental for understanding soil attributes and their distribution in the landscape, providing predictive elements about their occurrence. Therefore, the relief is directly related to soil formation processes, offering potential for the use of surveys on detailed and semidetailed scales. Depending on the relief and environmental characteristics, soils that are not yet fully formed can be mapped, or colluvial deposits can be mapped, which demonstrate the dynamics of the landscape and can also be mapped. Several methodologies and techniques have been developed in order to improve the digital mapping of soils and colluvial deposits and are used to systematize information from a set of existing data. Pinheiro (2012) describes the use of terrain elevation models to obtain topographic attributes and detail the mapping of soil classes. Despite satisfactory advances in the Brazilian Northeast, the State of Alagoas still lacks detailed mapping, limited to the 1:100,000 scale of the Agroecological Zoning of the State of Alagoas of 2012. Given this, this study proposes the mapping of soils and colluvial deposits in semi-detail, at a scale of 1:50,000, in the Alagoas countryside, due to the unique geoenvironmental characteristics of the Alagoas landscape. This region is a transition zone between the humid conditions of the coast and the forest zone, in addition to the semi-arid characteristics of the hinterland. The study area is concentrated in the municipality of Maribondo, located in the Mesoregion of Agreste Alagoano and Microregion of Palmeira dos Índios, bordering Tanque d'Arca, Mar Vermelho, Pindoba, Atalaia, Boca da Mata and Anadia. Its elevation variations, influenced by its proximity to the Borborema Plateau, highlight the municipality in the rural landscape of Alagoas. After mapping in detail, a reduction in the size of the Gleisol classes and an increase in the percentage of Neosols in the studied area can be seen.