Livros didáticos de ciências da natureza e a BNCC: conteúdos de termodinâmica nos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

This dissertation arose from a concern following the implementation of the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC) in the textbooks of the 7th grade of the final years of elementary school. The aim is to answer the following question: “How are the contents of Thermodynamics presented in four 7th grade science textbooks after the implementation of the BNCC? “. Thus, this dissertation addresses a historical context about the concerns in the professional path, addresses the content of Thermodynamics with the definitions of temperature, heat, thermometers and thermometric scales, concepts of thermal expansion and expansion coefficients and thermal machines. The theoretical basis includes a presentation of the BNCC, the BNCC and primary education, textbooks and the changes generated by the BNCC in the content of Thermodynamics, the National Textbook Plan (PNLD) and its historical context, and finally an explanation of the PNLD 2020 notice and guide. The methodological path shows that the research is of the qualitative type, the locus of the research takes place in a private school in the municipality of Arapiraca-AL, the research participants are science teachers working in 7th grade classes, data collection occurred through questionnaires applied after the acceptance of the Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF), after these steps the data were analyzed. This dissertation proposes content analysis, using the technique of Bardin (2011), in the light of the qualitative approach, presenting documentary analysis as the type of research, which aims to apply techniques to systematize and objectify through stages such as pre-analysis, exploration of the material and results. The educational product emerges after the data analysis, prepared in an illustrative way and with the use of Q-code technological resources, as well as experiments, following the guidelines of the BNCC, brings as a methodological proposal a script of activities, aimed at teachers of Natural Sciences of the 7th years of the Final Years, contributing to the teaching of the contents of Thermodynamics, both from the perspective of assisting them in the contents covered in the textbooks, as well as helping them in the planning and organization of classes. The results and discussion listed in this dissertation include the analysis criteria, categorization for textbook analysis, stages of content analysis, textbook analysis, exploration of the material using the textbook semantic differential scale for each textbook. The conclusion takes a subjective approach to the science textbook that meets all the requirements of the BNCC, serving as a parameter for teachers and students.