Consecução do papel materno no cuidado ao prematuro no método canguru

Abstract

Prematurity is a public health problem faced with care policies and strategies of a multidisciplinary nature due to the challenges intrinsic to this condition, both for the child and the family, especially the mother, who is faced with such a unique baby and motherhood, generally so different from what is idealized. The use of nursing theories applied to the mother and child binomial is increasing, with contributions to the systematization of nursing care. Ramona Mercer's theory of achieving the maternal role supports nurses to develop care with mothers that favors the strengthening of the mother-baby binomial and the process of becoming a mother. From this perspective, we sought to understand the process of becoming a mother in the care of premature newborns in the kangaroo method in the light of theory. Descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, based on Ramona Mercer's medium-range theoretical framework. The setting was the Kangaroo Intermediate Care Unit - UCINca of a federal public teaching hospital, with participants being mothers who experienced the kangaroo method in its second stage with their baby. Collection took place in the kangaroo unit, after approval from the ethics committees, in the period from may to july 2023. A form, semistructured interview and the researcher's field diary were used. The data were organized in the light of content analysis and theoretical framework, starting from the guiding question of how mothers experience the achievement of their maternal role in caring for their child in the kangaroo method. The experience was described from 7 mothers. The transition through prematurity and the elements of becoming a mother in this phase of the kangaroo method were learned in this context of care, mainly at the microsystem level of theory,and its aspects should be more valued by the nurse when planning and implementing interventions. The main concepts of the transition process were related to maternal anguish due to separation, the importance of social support, the mother-father relationship, the need for guidance related to prematurity and the importance of the kangaroo method, in its second stage, as well as the presence the social support network, health professionals and maternal support in relation to mothering, which is experienced in a particular way by each mother. The transition of the maternal role experienced in this method of care was captured in the stages proposed by Ramona Mercer, showing significant changes experienced by kangaroo mothers, in the maternal role and in the face of responsibilities for caring for the child in the face of prematurity, which need to be continued in the third stage and in the spheres of the meso and macrosystem, from the perspective of promoting comprehensive care for this mother, in the different stages of life in which she will experience the maternal role.