A alienação como (re)produção social em Marx: uma reflexão filosófica a partir dos manuscritos econômico-filosóficos e d’O capital

Abstract

The research seeks to understand "alienation" as a philosophical concept presented by Karl Marx in the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, his work of youth, and to relate it to Marx's maturity, in the first volume of Capital of 1867. The aim is to understand how these two works, with a significant time gap, open up. the possibility of investigating the relationship. between alienation and alienated social life as inherent constituents of the social reproduction of bourgeois society. In this sense, we enter into the mechanisms of the social dynamics of the exploitation-alienation of social relations and production, which from the perspective of capitalism produces dehumanization and estrangement of the social being in the material and concrete production of life. From this perspective, we analyze these social relations from the ontological point of view of the foundation of social being: work. Bearing in mind that in its first moment (In the 1844 manuscripts) - alienation - it is founded in/by work due to the deprivation of social being of the modes and means of production that guarantee the social and spiritual development of human beings. However, in the private form of the socialization of work, a relationship. is created whereby man is alienated from his own work, because his work is materialized as servitude and expropriation of himself. Consequently, the estrangement of man, in addition to his work, materializes with his production, with himself and with the other human beings who, like this worker, are expropriated from the configuration of the social command. In Capital, Marx not only perceives the general characteristics of capitalist exploitation and its processes of unbridled accumulation in this economic and social system -whether in primitive accumulation, through surplus value or through the commodity form - but also denotes the progressive and brutal objectification of social relations and the dehumanization of man through the abstract and monetary character that human work takes on. In other words, human and inter-human relations are mediated by abstractions and by the fetishism of the commodity, which generally subordinates real human interests and social praxis to relations of production, the world of things becoming the mediator of the human world.