O fenômeno do desemprego na realidade brasileira contemporânea : pandemia da Covid-19 e precarização do trabalho

Abstract

This dissertation, the result of bibliographical and documentary research, aims to analyze the phenomenon of unemployment in contemporary capitalism, highlighting how this phenomenon has been expressing itself in Brazilian particularities, given the outbreak and ongoing impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. . To this end, it proposes a reflection on the foundations of unemployment based on the general law of capitalist accumulation, with the aim of analyzing the causal links that determined the genesis of this phenomenon and the way it interferes in the process of accumulation and in the control of capital over capital. working class. Capitalism is consolidated and fully developed based on the contradiction between capital and work; The direct products of this antagonism are expressed in unemployment, pauperism and the industrial reserve army. When investigating the phenomenon of unemployment in contemporary society, the major changes in the world of work are made clear, mainly caused by the production and work management systems known as Taylorism-Fordism and Toyotism. It is clear from the research that contemporary capitalist production processes demonstrate an increasingly precarious and superfluous workforce, increasing unemployment levels. This arises from the transition period in the 1970s and 1980s, in which the capitalist mode of production engendered a very peculiar context, marked by a series of capital survival strategies in the face of its structural crisis. From this perspective, it is demonstrated that the fight against unemployment by capital today is manifested in strategies for controlling informality, through encouraging entrepreneurship and uberization, components potentially highlighted in the pandemic situation, which reveal the immanent tendency for intensification of forms exploitation and precariousness of work. With the research carried out, it is clear that the Covid 19 pandemic took hold worldwide, in a context plagued y profound economic and social inequalities, worsening the inherent contradictions of the capital system. Regarding the configuration of the labor market in Brazil, the data reveal an increase in unemployment, informality, outsourcing processes and social lack of protection for the working class.