O uso do gel de alendronato à 1% coadjuvante à terapia periodontal básica no tratamento da periodontite: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Periodontal diseases (PDs), which include periodontitis, are classified according to severity, extent and degree, and consist of a multifactorial polymicrobial infection that affects the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth, which can result in tooth loss. The treatment method for PDs is based on reducing the levels of pathogenic microbiota present in the periodontium, through scaling and root planing (SRP), which promotes the removal of pathogenic microbiota and improves local inflammatory markers, in addition to the use of topical, systemic and surgical treatments. The use of bisphosphonates in dentistry has been increasingly used to control diseases in which there is bone resorption, but systemic use can cause adverse reactions such as osteonecrosis of the jaw. Gels can be easily prepared and administered into periodontal pockets as an adjunct to scaling and root planing, having an impact on reducing probing depth, gaining insertion, and bone filling. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the effectiveness of using 1% alendronate gel in association with basic periodontal treatment. Articles were selected from the Medical Literature Online Search and Analysis System (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar databases, as well as articles in databases from higher education institutions in Brazil. Data analyzed from the literature suggest the use of 1% alendronate gel as a promising alternative to basic non-surgical therapy in patients with periodontitis, as it presents significantly positive effects on periodontal clinical parameters, being able to induce bone formation. However, there is a need for further studies on the possible long-term effects of this medication to check side effects, residual concentration and other parameters.