Fatores perinatais associados à anemia em crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is among the causes of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost, and its etiology is linked to perinatal factors. This study sought to assess the perinatal factors associated with anemia in socially vulnerable children. This is a cross-sectional study of children under the age of 6 of both sexes enrolled in 2022 at the Alagoas Center for Recovery and Nutritional Education (CREN-AL). Biochemical evaluations were carried out and the health and sociodemographic conditions of those responsible were assessed. To assess the differences between the groups of children with and without anemia, the independent measures T-test was used for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify which of the perinatal variables investigated were associated with the presence of anemia. The data was analyzed using the R program version 3.5.1 and Stata (StataCorp LP - Texas, United States) 13 with a 5% significance level. 101 children took part in the study, of whom 9.9% were diagnosed with anemia, 1% with iron deficiency anemia. Around 90% of the participating families were in AI and belonged to social class D-E. Among the anemic children, there was a higher prevalence of caesarean delivery at 60% (p=0.027), as well as a lower gestational age at 36.8±3.4 (p=0.01). The variable type of delivery by caesarean section remained in the final analysis model (OR= 5.56; 95%CI 1.06 - 29.19). Thus, this study highlights the significant association between the type of caesarean delivery and the occurrence of anemia in socially vulnerable children. It highlights the need to promote obstetric practices based on scientific evidence, which are fundamental for the prevention of anemia in the population studied.