Integração de técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas à definição de áreas potenciais para expansão urbana em Maceió - AL

Abstract

Urban expansion is a very important phenomenon that occurs more significantly from the 1950s, when there was a large growth of cities due to migration caused by rural exodus and technological advances, especially in industries, which reflected in a greater concentration of people living in an increasingly smaller space in cities. In Maceió, this dynamic occurs similarly to other capitals in the northeast and Brazil, that is, accelerated and often disordered. However, the capital of Alagoas has two situations that directly harm the urban space and its proper planning: the subsidence process of the neighborhoods of Pinheiro, Bebedouro, Bom Parto, Farol, and Mutange, as a result of salt extraction activities, causing the extinction of the last listed neighborhood; and the delay of 8 (eight) years in the revision of the Municipal Master Plan, directly harming the management of the municipal territory. The proper use of the municipal territory depends on knowledge of both its physical characteristics and socioeconomic conditions, therefore, this work contributes to solving this demand together with others developed in the municipality, and that at an opportune moment, such information will be used by the responsible agencies for the management of the municipal territory, as well as in the elaboration of normative instruments that assist in its proper ordering. Tools and techniques related to Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing were used for the elaboration of this study, using GIS, where information plans were used/generated/improved at a scale of 1:25.000, with the aim of identifying potential and legal areas for urban expansion. For this, a multicriteria analysis was used through the AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and map algebra performed with the application of weighted average. As research results, it was verified that in Maceió there is a total of 19.955,02 hectares with high or very high potential, which represents 19,75% of the total area of the municipality, while the low and very low potential classes represent 9,10%, which implies that the capital still has areas that are receptive to urban expansion and are suitable for use at an opportune moment, since there are still empty areas (urban voids) in the urban zone of Maceió that can be occupied, with the proper use of the land, so that the urban sprawl is not carried out without proper planning, making this phenomenon increasingly burdensome for the state, considering the need for infrastructure and services in areas where they do not exist.