Mineração de agregados para construção civil frente a expansão urbana: relação entre atividade e impactos causadores

Abstract

Mining in Brazil represents almost 5% of the GDP, it is one of the important economic activities for the development of the country, being responsible for producing a series of inputs necessary for several production chains, with emphasis on the mining of aggregates for civil construction. Despite its already recognized importance, it is one of the economic activities that most cause impacts and changes in the landscape. Another characteristic aspect of mining companies that produce aggregates for civil construction is that they are installed close to cities, because, due to the low unit value that the aggregates have, it ends up forcing this type of mining enterprise to be installed close to consumer centers. This relationship results in environmental and territorial impasses, since it is an activity that generates impacts that go beyond its exploration area. In this sense, this work aims to analyze this relationship from a case study, through an aggregate mining company that is located in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, close to the municipal limit and the urban area of Messias, Alagoas, which has been presenting a process of urban expansion in a converging direction with the mining company under study, thus revealing the need for environmental and territorial planning, in order to avoid future conflicts. To analyze the progress of the urban area of Messias, satellite images were used with a time span of 10 years, the oldest from the year 2011 and the most recent from the year 2021. From the images, a map of land use around the mining company, where the information generated was verified through a field. In addition, through the information collected about the operating profile of the mining company under study, an environmental impact matrix was generated, and from it, mitigating measures were established. Through the results obtained, it was possible to confirm the process of expanding the urban area of Messias towards the mining company, getting closer and closer to its exploration area, a process that was influenced by the duplication of BRs 101 and 104. And, based on in the environmental impact matrix, observing the relationship between positive and negative impacts, it was found that negative impacts predominated, but with possible mitigators for them.