Caminhos do ensino de matemática no Brasil: da Colônia à República

Abstract

The school is a learning environment, exchange of knowledge, knowledge and teaching of various disciplines, such as Mathematics, which has always been part of the daily lives of students and is seen by some as a difficult and inaccessible discipline. Bearing in mind the current reality of Mathematics teaching, this work intends to describe and characterize the reality of Mathematics teachers during different historical periods in Brazil (Colony, Empire and Republic), investigating the contributions of the Society of Jesus and the teaching model Jesuit in Brazil, advancing with the expulsion of the Jesuits with the arrival of the Marquis of Pombal and influence in the structuring of Military Education with the Fortifications and Artillery schools in Brazil. We will also explore the Teaching of Mathematics in Empire Brazil after the arrival of the Portuguese Court in Brazil, establishing higher education in the country, transforming Secondary Education from preparatory exams. Finally, we describe the reforms of Mathematics Teaching in Brazil after the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, observing the contributions of important characters in the structuring of Brazilian education such as: Benjamin Constant, Francisco Campos, Gustavo Capanema and the Importance of the Mathematics Movement Moderna (MMM) in the development of education in the country. In this way, this present work intends to describe necessary knowledge to the professor who teaches Mathematics in the different effective governments, for the exercise of the magisterium in the primary and secondary education in the highlighted periods.