Associação entre estado nutricional materno e pré-eclâmpsia: resultados de um estudo de caso-controle com gestantes de Alagoas

Abstract

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is the most common hypertensive disorder among pregnant women, affecting about 0,2 􀂱 9,2% of this population, with maternal nutritional status being one of the risk factors for its development. This work aims to evaluate the association between maternal nutritional status and pre-eclampsia in Alagoas. This is a case-control study carried out with pregnant women attended at the University Hospital of Maceió in 2017. Data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire containing socioeconomic, obstetric data and an anthropometric evaluation (pre-gestational, gestational and gain BMI) weight in pregnancy). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 13.0, using the chi-square test (results expressed as odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) to identify the association between maternal nutritional status and pre-eclampsia, considering a significant p < 0,05. 100 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 50 without the disease were studied in the age group of 25.55 􀁲 7.04 and 24.20 􀁲 6.53 years, respectively, where of those with the disease, 6,52% were underweight, 32,6% were overweight, and 17,39% were obese before pregnancy. During pregnancy, of those with preeclampsia, 6,45% were underweight, 26.88% were overweight and 32.25% were obese. For weight gain during pregnancy, 9,37% gained insufficiently, 26,31% adequately and 44,21% excessively, the latter being associated with pre-eclampsia (x2 = 3,29 p=0,000). The control of gestational weight gain during prenatal care, through nutritional intervention and food and nutritional education, can be of great importance for the prevention of pre-eclampsia, given its modifiable character.