Concepção do layout do núcleo rígido de concreto armado em edifícios híbridos de aço e concreto com o uso de algoritmo genético

Abstract

Determining the structural system of a building involves defining materials and arranging elements in order to efficiently resist load combinations. In cases where steel or composite rigid frames become inefficient, due to the high dimensions of the profiles or the difficulty and cost of rigid connections; and bracings cause considerable impact to architecture due to the obstruction of facades or circulation areas; shear walls systems are a viable lateral resisting system alternative. However, in these buildings, the shear walls positioning and the layout in plan are most responsible for the torsional effects. In order to design a shear walls layout that minimizes these effects, that is compatible with the architectural plan, and that satisfies the requirements of economy, strength and rigidity, the designer performs an iterative and inefficient process of trial and error, whose improvement of the solutions depends on previous projects experience and intuition. To evaluate the use of a genetic algorithm in the conceptual design of shear walls layout, a computational program was implemented that minimizes the structural weight as a function of the layout, with restrictions to the resistant capacity, displacement, to the effect of torsion, and to the need for circulation openings. The comparative analysis carried out between four optimized models and a reference model, adapted from a real project, resulted in a considerable reduction in the consumption of concrete, formwork and steel reinforcement; evidencing the benefits of introducing the optimal design process through the genetic algorithm.