Manejo de águas pluviais: estudo de melhorias utilizando modelo chuva-vazão na drenagem da Cooperativa de Catadores da Vila Emater - COOPVILA, localizada no município de Maceió/AL

Abstract

Brazilian urban centers present a disorderly urbanization process, which has a negative impact on the hydrological cycle, causing floods, overflowing, and landslides. Sustainable drainage emerges as an alternative to the conventional engineering approach, seeking to reduce surface runoff through alternative techniques such as infiltration, evaporation, evapotranspiration, or temporary storage of precipitation. Rainwater harvesting, using a detention reservoir, is a sustainable practice that aims to reduce surface runoff and prevent flooding in urban areas. This technique involves collecting rainwater in a temporary reservoir that retains the water during the peak of the rainfall and gradually releases it into the drainage system. Thus, it is possible to control the flow of water and avoid environmental and structural problems. In addition, the importance of hydrological-hydraulic computational mathematical models is observed, which simulate surface runoff at the site, assisting in the management of rainwater. In light of this, the efficiency of water harvesting that reaches the roofs of the Cooperativa de Catadores da Vila Emater - COOPVILA was simulated to reduce the surface runoff directly discharged onto the site's area, separating the portion that reaches the roofs and redirecting it to the external area of the study site without contributing to the volume discharged on the ground. Thus, a rainwater project was developed for the site, with the application of a micro-detention reservoir, to reduce runoff downstream. The study was carried out by simulating scenarios before and after the system's installation at the study site, using the SWMM 5.1 software (Storm Water Management Model 5.1).