Efeitos da prática de exercícios físicos sobre a microbiota intestinal de indivíduos com obesidade: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Obesity is a global public health problem, which has been increasing in Brazil and worldwide. It is considered a chronic and multifactorial disease, with causes related to genetic, social, cultural, economic and environmental factors. Among these various factors, the intestinal microbiota, defined as the set of microorganisms that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract and which, under normal conditions, do not cause disease. Although recent, it is possible to observe in studies that the practice of physical exercise seems to affect the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota, which may help to reduce weight and the risk of developing diseases related to obesity. Thus, the practice of physical exercise combined with an adequate recovery period will have benefits for obese individuals, due to the protective effect caused by exercise. In this context, the present systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of the practice of physical exercises and physical activity on the intestinal microbiota of individuals with obesity. The PubMed, LILACS and SciElo databases were used, using the acronym PICOS (P = individuals with obesity, I = physical exercise, O = intestinal microbiota, S = clinical trials, observational and cross-sectional studies), and keywords for searches , which were identified in the Medical Subject Heading terms (MeSH) search platform. Studies of the clinical, cross-sectional and cohort type, with an adult population, that have at least one group with overweight individuals were considered. Data extraction was done through spreadsheets, which contained variables of interest for evaluation. And to assess the quality of the studies, the Quality Assessment Scale - Newcastle Ottawa was used. After the analyses, it was observed that 7 of the 10 studies analyzed showed changes in the intestinal microbiota after a period of physical activity, which shows a positive correlation between the practice of physical exercise and an increase in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of obese individuals. Which leads to a change in the relationship between the phylum Firmicutes/Bacterioidetes. However, studies did not always show a relationship between F/B, other genera were observed that are part of a healthy microbiota, such as Paraprevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospira. Also, the 8 practice of physical activity showed a decrease in intestinal inflammation, which helps to improve the dysbiosis condition.