Biodiversidade de parasitos com potencial zoonótico em peixes coletados na lagoa Mundaú, estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Abstract

The Mundaú and Manguaba lagoons are located on the coast south of the city of Maceió, state of Alagoas, composing the Mundaú/Manguaba Estuarine-Lagunar Complex (CELMM). The Mundaú lagoon is found in the urban center of Maceió, permeating populous neighborhoods, and also bordering the cities of Santa Luzia do Norte, Coqueiro Seco, Pilar and Marechal Deodoro. Thus, it is located close to fish markets and is commercially important. The identification of parasite species is of great importance in the prevention of parasitic zoonoses, in addition to the need to know the species of parasites of fish consumed in the Northeast and in the CELMM region. In this context, the objective was to analyze the biodiversity of species with zoonotic potential that make up the parasitic fauna of the dominant fish species with commercial importance, collected in Mundaú lagoon, CELMM, Alagoas. The fish species purchased and used were among the most commercialized in the region: Trichiurus lepturus (“needlefish”) and Caranx hippos (“jackhammer”). 30 specimens of each species were analyzed, totaling 60 in total. The animals were obtained by purchasing them from local vendors, with no need to submit the project to the Animal Research Ethics Committee (CEUA). After that, the specimens were individually packed and transported to the Laboratory of Parasitology at the Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió. Necropsies were performed on the specimens, following the reference methodology, and the organs were observed under a stereomicroscope to investigate parasites, calculating prevalence (P), mean abundance (AM) and mean intensity (MI). Based on the analyses, 40 specimens of parasites were found in T. lepturus and 48 specimens in C. hippos. 40 and 48 specimens of parasites, respectively. Among them, 23 and 17 had morphology that allowed taxonomic identification at the genus level, and were zoonotic, in some specimens this was not possible, due to their material being broken, being only differentiated at the family level. Four genera and unidentified genera of the Anisakidae family occurring in T. lepturus are identified, namely: Contracaecum sp. (P=20%, MI=1.57, AM=0.36), Raphidascaris sp. (P=6%, MI=1, AM=0.06), Anisakis sp. (P=3%, MI=1, AM=0.03), Hysterothylacium sp. (P=3%, MI=1, AM=0.03) and Anisakidae gen. esp. (P=13.33%, MI=2, AM=0.26). For C. hippos, 6 genera were identified: Terranova sp. (P=13.3%, MI=1.25, AM=0.16), Contracaecum sp. (,P=6%, MI=1.5, AM=0.1), Raphidascaris sp. (P=6%, MI=1, AM=0.06), Anisakis sp. (P=3.33%, MI=1, AM=0.03), Hysterothylacium sp. (P=3.33%., IM=1, AM=0.03), Pseudoterranova sp. (P=3.33%., IM=1, AM=0.03) and unidentified genera of the family Anisakidae (P=10%., IM=1.33, AM=0.13). This study is the first record of occurrence for the analyzed species on the coast of Alagoas. The presence of the genera found in C. hippos and T. lepturus consists of a New Locality Record and for the coast of Alagoas. It was concluded that both species are dangerous when consumed raw, due to the presence of the genera Terranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Raphidascaris sp., Anisakis sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Pseudoterranova sp and unidentified genera of the Anisakidae family. Thus, it is recommended the implementation of public education measures for the population, and inspection of fish products in the region.